Executive brief
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: tree-checker: validate names in ROOT_REF and ROOT_BACKREF
ROOT_REF and ROOT_BACKREF items contain a struct btrfs_root_ref followed by the subvolume name. Several readers assume that this layout is already valid and then use the on-disk name length directly. A corrupted item can therefore make those readers address bytes outside the item, and BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_INFO can copy too many bytes into its fixed-size UAPI name buffer.
Validate ROOT_REF and ROOT_BACKREF items in tree-checker before any reader uses them. Reject records that do not contain a non-empty name, whose name_len does not exactly describe the remaining item payload, or whose name exceeds BTRFS_NAME_LEN.
For BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_INFO, copy only the validated on-disk name_len instead of deriving the copy length from the item size. The ioctl result is zeroed when allocated. That leaves the existing trailing zero byte untouched.