Executive brief
ThingsBoard, an open-source IoT platform used for device management and data collection, contains a vulnerability in its provisioning API. An attacker could potentially inject malicious code into the system by manipulating how the platform generates configuration files for gateway devices. If successfully exploited, this could allow an attacker to interfere with device operations or gain unauthorized access to the platform's data processing environment.
Technical details
A code injection vulnerability exists in ThingsBoard versions up to 4.3.1.1 within the YAML Handler component. The flaw is located in the 'getGatewayDockerComposeFile' function of the '/api/v1/provision' endpoint. The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements (CWE-74) and improper control of code generation (CWE-94) when processing device credentials for YAML output. A remote attacker can exploit this by providing crafted input that manipulates the resulting Docker Compose file. While the attack can be initiated remotely, it is rated with high complexity and requires user interaction (UI:R) according to the CVSS vector. A pull request (#15550) has been proposed to sanitize YAML sink lines and enhance credential validation, but it has not yet been officially merged into a release.
Affected products
- ThingsBoard ThingsBoard up to 4.3.1.1
Timeline
- 2026-04-30: other: Pull request with fix submitted to GitHub
- 2026-05-26: disclosed: Vulnerability published via VulDB/NVD