Executive brief
Netty is a widely used networking framework for building Java-based server and client applications. A vulnerability in its STOMP protocol handler allows an attacker to crash a server by sending a flood of small message headers. This can lead to a complete service outage (Denial of Service) as the server runs out of memory trying to process the malicious data.
Technical details
A vulnerability exists in the io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeDecoder component of Netty. The decoder fails to enforce a limit on the total number of headers or the cumulative size of headers within a single STOMP frame; the existing maxLineLength parameter only restricts individual header lines. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a large number of short headers that accumulate in memory within the DefaultStompHeadersSubframe object. This eventually triggers a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) OutOfMemoryError (OOME), resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). The issue is resolved in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final by enforcing a limit on the number of headers per frame.
Affected products
- Netty Project Netty Prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final
Timeline
- 2026-07-06: patched: Initial fix merged into 4.2 branch
- 2026-07-08: patched: Fix backported to 4.1 branch
- 2026-07-17: disclosed: CVE published
References
- https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/5b68c61f37aa4a3045cba624cbea239655c9003b
- https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/bb2ff68a1fb71cb4b0eb9a9e17b66c52aff680c6
- https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17063
- https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17065
- https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty-4.1.136.Final
- https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty-4.2.16.Final
- https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-vhch-2wf3-m8rp