Executive brief
A security vulnerability exists in the Windows Trusted Platform Module (TPM), a hardware-based security component used for encryption and identity protection. An attacker who already has basic access to a computer could exploit this flaw to view sensitive information that should be protected by the system. While this does not allow an attacker to take over the machine remotely, it could lead to the exposure of confidential data or security credentials.
Technical details
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability (CWE-125) exists in the Windows Trusted Platform Module (TPM) implementation. The flaw is triggered when the system component fails to properly validate memory buffer boundaries during a read operation. An attacker with local access and low-level user privileges can exploit this to read memory outside of the intended buffer, potentially disclosing sensitive information from the TPM or kernel memory. The vulnerability requires local authentication and does not require user interaction. Microsoft has released security updates to address this issue across affected Windows and Windows Server versions.
Affected products
- Microsoft Windows 10 1809, 21H2, 22H2
- Microsoft Windows 11 22H3, 23H2, 24H2, 25H2
- Microsoft Windows Server 2019 All versions
- Microsoft Windows Server 2022 All versions
Timeline
- 2026-01-13: disclosed: Initial publication by Microsoft and NVD