CVE-2025-44655: TOTOLink Routers incorrect privilege assignment in vsftpd

CVE-2025-44655 · Severity: critical · CVSS 9.8 · Published 2025-07-21

A security misconfiguration has been identified in several TOTOLink router models, which are devices used to provide internet connectivity and local networking. The built-in file transfer service (FTP) is configured in a way that could allow an attacker to bypass security restrictions and access sensitive system files. This could lead to full control over the device, theft of data, or the ability to use the router as a jumping-off point to attack other devices on your private network.

Technologies: TOTOLINK A7100ru, TOTOLINK A950rg, TOTOLINK A950rg Firmware. Vendors: TOTOLINK.

Quick answers

Is CVE-2025-44655 exploited in the wild?
No. Junglewise Threat Intelligence has no report of CVE-2025-44655 being exploited in the wild.
How severe is CVE-2025-44655?
Critical severity, with a CVSS score of 9.8, published 21 July 2025.
Which products and versions are affected?
TOTOLINK A7100ru Firmware 7.4; TOTOLINK A950rg Firmware 5.9; TOTOLINK T10 Firmware 5.9.
Is there a fix for CVE-2025-44655?
No fixed version is recorded yet. Check the vendor's advisory in the references below. If you run it, Junglewise drafts a mitigation that fits your setup and applies it once you approve, with senior security engineers behind it.
How is CVE-2025-44655 attacked?
It is attacked over the network, in a network appliance.
Am I affected by CVE-2025-44655?
Check whether you run TOTOLINK A7100ru, TOTOLINK A7100ru Firmware, TOTOLINK A950rg or one of the others listed at an affected version. Junglewise does that check for you around the clock: connect your code, cloud and domains, and it matches new vulnerabilities like this one against what you actually run and tells you when one reaches you.

Technical details

This vulnerability stems from an incorrect privilege assignment (CWE-266) within the vsftpd configuration of multiple TOTOLink router models. Specifically, the 'chroot_local_user' option is enabled in vsftpd.conf without accompanying security measures, which in certain vsftpd versions can be exploited to escape the restricted directory (chroot jail) if the user has write permissions on their root directory. An unauthenticated or low-privileged attacker could leverage this misconfiguration over the network to gain unauthorized access to the underlying filesystem. This can result in privilege escalation, sensitive data disclosure, or the ability to use the compromised router as a pivot for lateral movement within the internal network. No official patch is currently detailed in the advisory, though disabling the FTP service or manually hardening the vsftpd configuration are standard mitigations.

Affected products

  • TOTOLink A7100RU Firmware 7.4
  • TOTOLink A950RG Firmware 5.9
  • TOTOLink T10 Firmware 5.9

Timeline

  • 2025-07-21: disclosed
  • 2025-07-21: advisory

References

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