# CVE-2023-49798: OpenZeppelin Contracts duplicated execution in Multicall

Source: https://junglewise.ai/threats/cve-2023-49798-openzeppelin-contracts-duplicated-execution-in-multicall  
Publisher: Junglewise Threat Intelligence, https://junglewise.ai/threats  
Published: 2023-12-12. Updated: 2026-09-25  
License: CC BY 4.0 with a link back

CVE-2023-49798 · Severity: low · CVSS 3.1 · Published 2023-12-12

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library providing secure, reusable smart contract components used by blockchain developers. Version 4.9.4 contains a merge conflict bug in the Multicall feature that causes subcalls to execute twice, potentially leading to duplicate asset transfers and unintended financial transactions.

Technologies: [@openzeppelin/contracts (npm)](https://junglewise.ai/threats/technologies/openzeppelin-contracts), [@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable (npm)](https://junglewise.ai/threats/technologies/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable), [OpenZeppelin Contracts](https://junglewise.ai/threats/technologies/contracts), [OpenZeppelin Contracts Upgradeable](https://junglewise.ai/threats/technologies/contracts-upgradeable). Vendors: [npm](https://junglewise.ai/threats/vendors/npm), [OpenZeppelin](https://junglewise.ai/threats/vendors/openzeppelin).

## Quick answers

**Is CVE-2023-49798 exploited in the wild?** No. Junglewise Threat Intelligence has no report of CVE-2023-49798 being exploited in the wild.

**How severe is CVE-2023-49798?** Low severity, with a CVSS score of 3.1, published 12 December 2023.

**Which products and versions are affected?** @openzeppelin/contracts (npm) SEMVER:introduced=4.9.4,fixed=4.9.5; @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable (npm) SEMVER:introduced=4.9.4,fixed=4.9.5; OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.9.4; OpenZeppelin Contracts Upgradeable 4.9.4.

**Is there a fix for CVE-2023-49798?** Yes. @openzeppelin/contracts (npm): upgrade to 4.9.5 or later; @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable (npm): upgrade to 4.9.5 or later. Junglewise finds every place you run it, drafts the upgrade and applies it once you approve.

**How is CVE-2023-49798 attacked?** It is attacked over the network, in a software library.

**Am I affected by CVE-2023-49798?** Check whether you run @openzeppelin/contracts (npm), @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable (npm), OpenZeppelin Contracts or one of the others listed at an affected version. Junglewise does that check for you around the clock: connect your code, cloud and domains, and it matches new vulnerabilities like this one against what you actually run and tells you when one reaches you.

## How to fix

- @openzeppelin/contracts (npm): upgrade to 4.9.5 or later

  ```sh
  npm install @openzeppelin/contracts@4.9.5
  ```

- @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable (npm): upgrade to 4.9.5 or later

  ```sh
  npm install @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable@4.9.5
  ```


## Technical details

A merge conflict during porting of the Multicall update from v5.0.1 to the v4.9 branch resulted in a duplicated delegatecall instruction. Versions 4.9.4 of both @openzeppelin/contracts and @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable are affected. When Multicall is used, each subcall is executed twice instead of once, enabling unintentional duplicate operations such as asset transfers. The vulnerability is a code-level logic error (CWE-670) that does not require authentication or special network preconditions. It was patched in version 4.9.5, and version 4.9.4 has been marked as deprecated.

## Affected products

- OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.9.4
- OpenZeppelin Contracts Upgradeable 4.9.4

## Identifiers

- CVE-2023-49798
- GHSA-699g-q6qh-q4v8

## Timeline

- 2023-12-08: disclosed
- 2023-12-12: patched: Fixed in version 4.9.5

## References

- [https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-699g-q6qh-q4v8](https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-699g-q6qh-q4v8)

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